semi solid mixing slideshare
mechanism of mixing in pharmaceuticals, or mechanism of mixing, 0:52 - mechanism of solid mixing, . Quality control is concerned with both quality and quantity. It is anhydrous non- washable and do not absorb water. Process: 1 Semi Automatic Sugar Syrup Manufacturing Process Step:1 Sugar Grading & sieving Process (Machine - Vibro Sifter) Step:2 Sugar Transfer in the sugar melting vessel by Manually Step:3 Sugar Melting Process by Sugar and D.M.water mixed and heated in sugar melting vessel so sugar is malted than adding drugs & ingredient and mixed by stirrer in the same vessel for manufacturing syrup . Methods The importance of particle size, particle morphology, density, moisture content, and polymorphism to product CQAs is . They are oral dosage form for medicine similar to capsules. (b) Free from grittiness, i.e. (c) Semi-solid or floppy agar medium: Such media are prepared by adding half quantity of agar (1/2 than required for solid medium) i.e. This widely used and well-proven drug delivery system originated in 1842 when Englishman William Brockedon . Water bath. Solid culture media contain agar at a concentration of 1.5-2.0% or some other primarily inert solidifying agent. Blowers: Used in solvent recovery and other evaporation applications. Pharmaceutical & Medical Supplies. Mixing: It is the random distribution, into and through one another, of two or more initially separate phases PURPOSES OF AGITATION Suspending solid particles Blending miscible liquids Dispersing a gas through the liquid Dispersing a second liquid to form an emulsion or suspension Promoting heat transfer 4. FACTORS AFFECTING MIXING OF SOLID PARTICLES: 1. Batch mixers. To determine the purity of a sample . Petrolatum is available in the form of a short or long fiber. The quality of pharmaceutical dosages forms must be built in during plant construction, product research and development, purchasing of materials, production, testing, inspection, packaging, labelling . Types of food processing equipment are - High Shear Mixers; Emulsifiers; Colloid Mills; Homogenizers; 4. Three most commonly used semi solid mixers are (a) Sigma blade mixer - Contains two blades which operate in a mixing vessel which has a double trough shape, the blades moving at different speeds towards each other. The Process. Injectable or infusion paracetamol is not available, although research literature suggests it is possible to make injectable dosage form of paracetamol. Ingredients, formulation and product viscosity differ widely, however, a typical manufacturing process breaks down into four individual operations: Preparation of the oil phase. Pharmaceutical Technology can be briefly summarized as all technologies related to the development of a pharmaceutical form using natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic active and auxiliary substances, production in industry and use in patients. In this Video we Cover, 0:00 - Introduction1. These equipments are generally used for mixing of dry (solid base) powders. Slideshare Downloader(SD) is a free online slide downloader tool primarily to download slideshare presentations, but if you have some other platform/s that you want me to support, please do email me via email-address stated below: Smith turbine impeller is a variation of a Rushton turbine impeller, in which semi-circular or curved blades are attached instead of flat blades. Mixing - Mixing is defined as a process that tends to results in a randomization of dissimilar particles within a Recombined milk products are manufactured by mixing milk fat and milk solids-non-fat (MSNF), with water. Physical change Mixing may aim at producing a change that is physical, for example the solution of a soluble substance. Chapter 5: Configurations of . Petroleum (soft paraffin) :- Semi solid hydrocarbon + lubricating oil I. Yellow soft paraffin :- obtained from petroleum also may contain anti oxidant like vit.E and BHT. Specific Gravity of Bitumen EXPERIMENT NO. FORMULATION: 1)Hydro carbons : Petrolatum and mineral oil are the most widely used substances in semisolids Petrolatum is a complex mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons, containing aliphatic, cyclic, saturated, unsaturated, branched and unbranched substances in varying proportions. The solid line is the global meteoric water line, i.e., D = 8 * 18 O + 10 (Craig, 1961). This combination must be made so as to re-establish the specified fat to MSNF ratio and dry matter (DM) to water ratio. requires more intense mixing than adding the lubricant to the final blend. 2007 USP 30/NF 25. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: solid dosage forms are more stable than liquid dosage forms for presence of water. Often, mixing the reactants is the way of starting off the reaction, although sometimes the reactants are mixed and then brought to the required temperature. Procedure The specific gravity bottle is cleaned, dried and weighed along with the stopper. Concentration: rate of drug degradation is constant for the solutions of the same drug with different concentration. 3. Applications of DTA / DSC in preformulation studies. Its ability to produce high radial flow facilitates the dispersion operation. A process that is not automated at all can be very time-consuming. Semi-Solid Lubricants/Grease Grease is considered to be one of the most versatile forms of lubricants. corresponding states, or some of the many empirical or semi empirical correlations that have appeared in recent year. 1. 1. 2. Take D.M. Ribbon Blender - This mixer is for bulk solid and powder blending. Data which could be obtained by further research in the laboratory. factors to consider when choosing a topical preparation. Definition Blend Uniformity (in accordance with FDA Guidance for Industry, ANDAs: Blend Uniformity Analysis, 1999) In-Process Control Scope BUA or homogeneity testing can be applied to all dosage 2. These preparations applied on the skin or to the mucous membrane to achieve local or systemic effect. The Speedycream equipment is used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic batch production of semi-solids products. Available in . 2. Overview of Food Processing Equipment. These are: 1. 3. The plastic limit signifies the percentage of moisture at which the soil changes, with decreasing wetness, from a plastic to a semi-solid state, or with increasing wetness, from the semisolid to the plastic state. Procedure of Liquid Manufacturing: Dispensing: Accurately weigh Sugar, active ingredients and other excipients. Oleaginous bases :- It is consists of oil and fat. Turbine Agitators: Turbine Agitators are widely used to perform all types of mixing operations and to handle fluid and liquid or gas reactions of various viscosity. 5. The overall aim of the research investigation is to evaluate water activity as a critical quality attribute of topical semi-solid dosage forms. This SlideShare PowerPoint template comes with over 50 unique slides. Effect of drug on the consistency of base. Suitable dosage form for bitter drugs. To achieve and maintain a uniform mixture, mixing combines and disperses two or more components into one another. 2. Also included in the Narrow PowerPoint Business Presentation is over 100 icons. So, ratio of degraded part to total amount of drug in diluted solution is bigger than of concentrated solution. The aim of this paper is to provide practical information on the efficient use of specialty mixing equipment for the preparation of low, medium and high viscosity solid-liquid mixtures under low and high shear conditions. Process equipment used in the healthcare industry follow rigid specifications for accuracy, consistency and cleanliness. Mixing operations aim to evenly distribute the components of the mix so that a drug product possessing the required quality attributes is manufactured. Propeller agitators are popular for simple mixing jobs. 13. 6. Heating of vessel with continuous stirring for mixing of sugar in DM water for syrup base. May be medicated or not. Boilers: To create steam by applying heat energy to water. In case of low dose drug mixing with excipients is a problem if the bulk densities of the drug and excipients . SPECIFIC GRAVITY Specific Gravity of Bitumen The specific gravity of semi-solid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 C to that of an equal volume of water at the same . In cases In particular, mixing equipment employed in the production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices deal with a higher . Many semi solids form neutral mixtures having no tendency to segregate although sedimentation may occur. Semi-solid dosage forms have many characteristics in common - consistency, presentation, preservation requirement, and also route of administration which is mainly topical. Content:- Introduction Routs of penetration Factors of skin penetration Penetration enhancers Manufacturing process Evaluation Storage Advancement of semisolid 2. Seal Coat, Tack, Cold Mix, Patch Mix MC-3000 80 Kerosene 20 3000-6000 150F 215-290 Bituminous Seal Coat Recombined modified milk and milk products are products made from dairy-product ingredients with compositions other than . A softgel or soft gelatin capsule is a solid capsule (outer shell) surrounding a liquid or semi-solid center (inner fill). single crystals, polymer films, semi-solids or liquids. In linctuses two or more miscible liquids are mixed completely. Pastes contain a high proportion of powdered ingredients and, therefore, are normally very stiff. For determining the specific gravity of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cement, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer BI-101 Pycnometer Hubbart type, 24 ml capacity 1 Pc BI-102 Pycnometer Hubbart type, 25 ml capacity 1 Pc GE-642 Thermometer ASTM 63 C, 8-32oC 1 Pc Also required, but not part of this set : GE-191 Hot Plate 4. Jan . thermodynamic solvent activity and drug delivery performance of topical semi-solid cream systems. Expansion of solid bed occurs so the mixing equipment should be filled about 60% of its volume. The vehicle usually contains water, oil, alcohol or propylene glycol mixed with preservatives, emulsifiers, absorption promoters and fragrances. This impeller is designed for gas-gas and gas-liquid dispersions and emulsions. A gel may contain suspended particles ( 2 ). 10. Cream. Seal Coat, Tack, Cold Mix, Patch Mix MC-800 75 Kerosene 25 800-1600 150F 175-255 Bit. Used for products like granulation masses and ointments. It is filled with fresh distilled water, stopper placed and the same is kept in water container for at least half an hour at temperature 27 0 C. The bottle is then removed and cleaned from outside. Equipment Expertise. o/w creams (e.g. Mixing process -steps In the solid-solid mixing operations , four steps are involves. Desired release rate of the drug substance from the ointment base. The solid triangle represents Red Sea water. Be it a dry or wet environment, dusty or clean environment, or even corrosive environment, grease finds use in all sorts of applications. A semi-infinite solid is an idealized body that has a single plane surface and extends to infinity in all directions, as shown in .This idealized body is used to indicate that the temperature change in the part of the body in which we are interested (the region close to the surface) is due to the thermal conditions on a single surface. Particle size 2. 3. Narrow PowerPoint Business Presentation is a modern and clean premium template. . (a) Uniform throughout i.e. water and mix. 1. This property helps prolong drug delivery at the application site. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. NF Monographs. Soaps can be grease thickeners, while non-soap thickeners include polyurea, organophilic clays (e.g., bentonite) and other materials. 2. Selection of semi solid bases :- 1. a hydrophillic matrix and a hydrophobic drug. Other practical felt to bee necessary for design purpose. 5. It is the moisture content at which a thread of soil can be rolled without breaking . Mixingit is common for several mixing steps to be required as part of the manufacturing process of a semisolid product. Transfer sugar into vessel containing D.M. Semisolids Seminar By:- Pooja Bhaskar Sadgir. A semisolid dosage form that contains a gelling agent to provide stiffness to a solution or a colloidal dispersion. These are mainly used for making tablets of various types and sizes. The jump from no automation to semi-automation brings huge benefits, and the jump to full automation often brings limited benefits. Z Blade Mixer is uses for uniform mixing of semi solid materials. To make simple physical mixture In the production of tablets, capsules, sachets and dry powders two or more powders or granules are mixed. . Information falling under this head can be determined only in a pilot plant. Paracetamol is available in solid dosage forms, such as tablets and capsules, liquid dosage forms, such as solution and suspension, and a semi-solid dosage form (as a suppository). Melting range:- 38 to 56c Topical formulations contain an active ingredient, often a medication or drug or botanical, and a vehicle. The open rectangles represent fracture zone aquifers at Al-Sad and Fawakhir. Helical Agitators: These agitators have blades . . Salient Features. Easy removal of base on washing. Convenient for unconscious patient or patient having difficulty on oral administration. 4. It is the lower limit of the plastic state. These are all oral solid dosage (OSD) forms, a term that refers to a final drug product therapy that is ingested through the mouth, dissolved in the digestive system, and delivered to the body through absorption into the bloodstream. 9 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST ON BITUMINOUS MATERIALS. 2. Gels (sometimes called Jellies) are semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid ( 1 ). This mixer is well suited to high viscosity materials like grease, putty, toffee and bubble gum. This includes Agitator mixers, Tumbling mixers, Double cone mixers, and V-blenders and others. A product with too low an active ingredient will be ineffective and a product with too high active ingredient may be lethal. c) Mixing or blending time: The mixing or blending time of the product will be dependent on the mixing or blending technique and speed. 4. Current volume capability: Liquid Products: 600 to 18,000 liters Semi-Solid Products: 500 to 1,100kg Two enclosed liquid filling suites Three enclosed semi-solid filling suites Secondary labeling and packaging capable strategic mix of responsiveness and expertise It has a blender configuration that completely de-lumps powders through its long, intersecting, ribbon-like paddles. Material attributes can have a profound impact on CQAs of product. cold cream) are more greasy and more . Application of 3-Dimensional shear forces. Batch mixers can be divided into two main types: Horizontal mixers; Vertical mixers; Horizontal mixers. Solid dispersion is defined as dispersion of one or more active ingredients (hydrophobic) in an inert carrier (hydrophillic) at solid state prepared by melting (fusion), solvent, melting solvent method. Benefits of semi-automation: 1. Performs necessary analysis, test and quality control studies in these stages and develops new . Seal Coat, Tack, Cold Mix, Patch Mix MC-250 67 Kerosene 33 250-500 150F 165-200 Bit. Maintain randomization. 3. Mixing applications falling within the broad spectrum of mass produced pharmaceutical goods and medical devices are too many and complex to discuss in detail hence this paper will touch on a few general classifications as well as a few examples within that mixing category. An active ingredient can be incorporated into the outer shell, the inner fill, or both. They are used in low level mixing, solid suspension systems, and heat transfer. 1. 2. water in sugar melting vessel. It can be used in a wide range of environments across various temperatures, load conditions, or speeds. Sugar grading and sieving. This type of medium may be selective which promote the growth of one organism and retards the growth of the other organism. Human operators still need to use their brains. Culture media are divided into three types; solid medium, semi-solid medium, and liquid medium, based on consistency. Ltd, Chhata Pipara, Bara, Birgunj, Nepal. Pastes are semi-solid preparations for external use. With its strong construction and high power, the sigma blade mixer can handle the heaviest plastic materials and products like tablet granules, and ointments that are mixed readily Sigma blade mixer is . Desirability of occlusion of moisture from skin. Although this equipment is primarily aimed toward the transformationi.e., increasing the palatability, consumability, and . This requires organization and strict quality checks at each level of production. Vehicles used for topical formulations. The objective of the final mixing step is to achieve product homogeneity. Mixing of semi-solids Mixers for semi-solids References Bibliography Key points A mixing operation is involved at some stage in the production of practically every pharmaceutical preparation. 5. 3. Semisolid dosage forms include ointments, pastes, creams & jellies. 4. MIXING/BLENDING. The mixing of solids is a critically important operation in many industries, especially in pharmaceutical production where the active ingredient in a formulation may be toxic and be present at only 0.5% by mass overall. Local action and Site specific action of drug on affected area. Rate and extent of topical or percutaneous drug absorption. MC-70 55 Kerosene 45 70-140 100F 145-165 Bit. This white paper presents a number of mixing technologies and techniques employed in solid dispersion and dissolution. Uses: Used in the wet granulation process in the manufacture of tablets, pill masses and ointments, It is primarily used for liquid-solid mixing, although it can be used for solid-solid mixing. Mixing time should be optimum to prevent aggregation & separation of particles. When a drug molecule is discovered all the solid-forms are hardly identified. Novel semisolids are. Mix long enough to permit true randomization of particles. Advancements in solid dosage manufacturing equipments, process analytical technology, pharmaceutical granulation process, oral dosage forms including Storage Tanks, Jacketed Vessels, tablet coating machine, vibro-sifters, multi mills, de burring, de dusting machine, oscillating granulator, granulating machine, tablet coating, pan tablet coating machine, strip packing machines, blister . Advantage of semi-solid dosage form It is used externally Probability of side effect can be reduce First pass gut and hepatic metabolism is avoided. Phase and viscosity are used as bases for classification. Avoid demixing due to particle breakdown. Its mixing system consists of three agitators: a semi-anchor type outer agitator equipped with Teflon scrapers; an orbital-type inner agitator enabling horizontal displacement and vertical thrusting recirculation; Capsule equipment: Different equipment is available to fill, polish, and sort capsules. OINTMENTS Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membrane . Gimat's horizontal ribbon mixers are made of thick plates of painted carbon steel or stainless steel AISI 304 or 316 with surface treatment fit for use.. Mixing is done gently and evenly without overheating the product mixed, thanks to the special four-way and four cross-flow . The product formed contains different components i.e. Machine consist of U trough bowl with two 'Z' shape blades each rotates in opposite direction for proper mixing of material. d) Drug uniformity: The test for content uniformity is usually performed to estimate the uniformity of drug throughout the mix or blend. The dry residue (DR) is defined as the remaining material after the sample has been dried at 105 C. WC and DR are expressed as percentage, and they add up to a total of 100 percent. Offering complete solutions for sterile or semi-sterile water-in-oil (w/o) or oil-in-water (o/w) formulations, our equipment for the manufacture of liquid finished products includes batch mixing and continuous blending systems, stationary or mobile metering technology, regulation and control systems, CIP/SIP solutions, storage vessels that comply with both national and . PROCESS OF MIXING 1. insoluble powders are finely subdivided and large lumps of particles are absent. Melting range :- 38 to 56c II. Aeration is achieved easily owing to the air spaces existing in the medium; in addition, mixing may be done intermittently rather than continuously. The average particle size is reduced and consistency of semi-solid and liquid food matter is increased. 2. The open triangle represents the mixture of paleowater and recent water at Quieh well. Rockville, MD: Author, 2006. emulsion of water and oil. Tumbler blenders include V-Blenders, Double Cone Blenders and Octagonal Blenders. 6. about 0.5% in the medium. Heating may be required to melt some ingredients. Z Blade Sigma Mixer is widely uses for mixing glass putty, plasticizer solution, biscuit dough, sauce, polymers etc. Principle In a mixture of liquids and solids, the two phases can be separated because of their difference in vapor pressure. White soft paraffin :- obtained from petroleum. Application of 3-dimensional shear forces to the powder bed. The thickener is a molecule, polymer or solid that is typically partially soluble in the lubricating fluid and imparts a semi-solid consistency to the grease. Processing equipment Agitators: To mix liquids, to promote chemical reactions and to increase heat or cooling transfers. Objectives of mixing: 1. From an engineering viewpoint, solid-state fermentation offers a number of advantages over submerged fermentation; they may be summarized as follows. Expansion of the bed of solids 2. 1. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Front matter NF: Excipients. Stability of the drug in the ointment base. BUA is an in-process test that is useful for ensuring the adequacy of the mixing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with other components of the drug product. ASTM DESIGNATION: D 70-76. vanishing creams) spread easily and do not leave the skin greasy and sticky. 11 When orally taken, paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Semi solid dosage forms are the products when applied to the skin treat a pathological condition and protects from other harmful environment. In heterogeneous reactors two, or possibly three, phases are present, common examples being gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid systems. Easily drag and drop an image of your choice into the picture placeholders. Solid Medium. The table below describes different formulations. Primary goal of this study was to investigate Flake/powder ingredients, sometimes dry blended in advance, are dispersed into mineral oil or silicone oil. Ointment bases Ointment bases are classified into four groups Oleaginous bases Absorption bases Water removable bases Water soluble Bases. classified as oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) emulsions. Semisolids can adhere to the application surface for sufficiently long periods before they are washed off. The percentage of agar used determines the consistency of the medium. These regulations ensure that end products are safe, pure, and effective. Homogeneity is demonstrated by taking samples from various locations of the mixing vessel and submitting them for testing such as pH, viscosity, appearance and assay. Examples include ointments, pastes, creams, gels etc. it contains no lumps of separated high melting point ingredients of the base, there is no tendency for liquid constituents to separate insoluble powders are evenly dispersed. They consist of finely powdered medications combined with White Soft Paraffin BP, Liquid Paraffin BP, or a non-greasy base made from glycerol, mucilages, or soaps. Common types of topical formulations: 1. 7. Labor productivity is greatly improved. 2nd semester M-Pharm (pharmaceutics) S.M.B.T college of Pharmacy, Dhamangaon, Nashik 1. w/o creams (e.g. d improved the methane yield from 224 to 360mL/g-VS. And the highest . Semi-solid mixing; Then there is semi to solid mixing equipment perfectly designed for this specific purpose also. Food processing equipment is an umbrella term referring to the components, processing machines, and systems used to handle, prepare, cook, store, and package food and food products. Purpose The objective of this article is to review the critical material attributes of pharmaceutical excipients employed in solid dosage manufacturing and link them to critical quality attributes (CQAs). Quest Pharmaceuticals Pvt.
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