Angelo Vertti, 18 de setembro de 2022

A Qualitative Comparative Analysis in New South Wales, Australia. IGI Global, pp 432457, Walker J, Granjou C (2017) MELiSSA the minimal biosphere: human life, waste and refuge in deep space. The circular economy reduces the need for resources extracted from nature because it ensures that products are reused as many times as possible and materials are recycled.Resources and energy no longer go to waste as the unwanted by-products from one economic process are fed back into another in a never-ending flow. The first definition seems to be the more accurate of the three. /PageUIDList << /0 637 >> /PageWidthList << /0 612.0 >> >> >> From a CE perspective, wastewater reuse is a good investment [, According to Harris et al., technological developments are opening up new avenues to facilitate CE through resource recovery from industrial wastewater, directly impacting the quality of the regenerated waters, which is largely dependent on the development of wastewater recovery technology [, Existing studies on the change from a linear economy to a CE indicate that it is a very complex and time-consuming process, and these obstacles jeopardize the sustainability of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) [, For many regions, water scarcity is a decisive element for reuse to be considered as an alternative to conventional water sources [. Store is the strategy in which water, after being used, is transferred to a reservoir (cisterns or artificial basins, for example) where it will be available for future uses. Explorethe technical reports and other background materialthat inform the main report. UNESCO, Paris. In terms of the limitations of this review, we highlight the scarcity of studies portraying the CE from the perspective of wastewater reuse. The case studies illustrate best practices and provide examples of projects and programs that promote the implementation of one or several circular economy principles. Finally, we identify normative (legislation), governance (roles and responsibilities) and implementation (barriers and opportunities for application) challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate the transition to a comprehensive CEW. R.C.M. Water 13(22):3153, Smol M, Adam C, Preisner M (2020) Circular economy model framework in the European water and wastewater sector. The Scopus and Google Scholar tools were used giving the best conditions for data analysis. /Thumb 621 0 R 0000552032 00000 n The role of water reuse for integrated water resources management. As well as water, four further sub-themes were identified, including materials, energy, space and nutrition. 0000462774 00000 n Restore, sometimes also referred to as Replenish, involves returning water used by humans to natural systems, a process that is also covered by legislation with defined parameters. coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation [57,58,59,60]). /O 1111 Decree 119/2019, which estab-lished the legal framework for water reuse, also clar- methane in food residuals see also below) or organic material (e.g. In. Water 12(5):1431, Mbavarira TM, Grimm C (2021) A systemic view on circular economy in the water industry: learnings from a Belgian and Dutch case. 513 0 obj Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Although the Reuse/Recycle distinction is feasible, it should be noted that Reuse practices are rare when dealing with water. Furthermore, the CE is well suited to support the management of water supply, as like water, intersects with multiple spatial scales (from super-local to global), levels of governance (micro, meso and macro), forms of implementation (from design to post-use) and economic sectors. Environmental Impacts of Seawater Desalination: Arabian Gulf Case Study. MDPI and/or PubMedGoogle Scholar. For water-related applications, the strategy related to the energy and waste management material flows, consisting of: "Water reuse is an opportunity," said Abou Amani, director of UNESCO division of water sciences in the report foreword. 0000463886 00000 n We argue that water is a unique element because it is a resource, a product and a service with no equivalent in the economic system and, as such, formulated a specific definition of the CEW with nine strategies Rethink, Avoid, Reduce, Replace, Reuse, Recycle, Cascade, Store and Recover. Its equipment uses captured CO2 to dye textiles in a process which uses no water. It implies the re-design/restructuring of the operative aspects of water use such as the practices, processes, policies, facilities and technologies. To describe this strategy, this study has adopted the term Store rather than Recharge, which is often employed outside the scope of the CE (e.g. Water 12(8):2224. Water is also a service: it is used to store or produce energy (kinetic, thermal, biothermal), as a carrier of biogenic raw materials that provides basic services for ecosystems (including the habitat) and human activities [12, 21]. Fertinnowa. The most common in the CE literature include Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle and Recover (known as the R-strategies) [35, 36]; however, some of these strategies refer to general resources and types of industrial production that do not fit the water context. Recover is justified by necessity, innovation and economic and/or political convenience. 0000526110 00000 n /O 513 Water 7:592598, Hoekstra N, Pellegrini M, Bloemendal M, Spaak G, Gallego AA, Comins JR, Saccani C (2020) Increasing market opportunities for renewable energy technologies with innovations in aquifer thermal energy storage. The initiative has involved aparticipatory process, including multiple consultations and workshops with stakeholders working on wastewater management projects in the LAC region. 0000465997 00000 n Sewer-mining: A water reuse option supporting circular economy, public service provision and entrepreneurship. The Global Risks Report 2021 16th. 0000565086 00000 n For instance, steam used for energy production can be used as condensate for cooling, then for cleaning, and subsequently for flushing toilets; once treated, the same water can be used for irrigation [67,68,69,70]. CRC Press, pp 307324, Zaidy SS, Vacchi FI, Umbuzeiro GA, Freeman HS (2019) Approach to waterless dyeing of textile substratesuse of atmospheric plasma. /OriginalDocumentID Paula, J.; Marques, R. Water value integrated approach: A systematic literature review. The 64 papers reviewed were related to 10 subject areas (, From the study sample, it is possible to categorize five research motivationsPolitical, Economic, Legal and Institutional, Technological, and Environmentalwhich are shown in, One of the crucial factors to promote a shift from a linear to a circular economy is the political will and sensitivity of decision-makers, given that it is impossible to change the status quo without changing the legal framework that will allow leveraging the necessary changes, while keeping in mind the political gains achieved in recent decades in the water sector [, To be effective, this policy needs to be framed within a legal and institutional framework to create a receptive environment for investment in wastewater reuse. San Jose, Costa Rica: Latinosan , April 2019. Water can be a resource, product or service depending on the context: it is indispensable to the sustainment of life and is the critical input resource for the world economy (industrial processes, service delivery and food and energy production all relate to water). Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly [27]), treatment is what differentiates Recycle from Reuse. WWAP. A session on circular economy approaches was convened on Wednesday August 28th. The CE applied to water also represents ways to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) specifically SDGs 6 Clean Water and Sanitation, 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure and 12 Responsible Consumption and Production. wqyy~3g<3 Y9El Elsevier, Tahir S, Steichen T and Shouler M (2018). The main potential sources for recovery of . endobj ---------------------------------------------------------------------, The case studies analyzed, workshops with key stakeholders, and lessons learned in the LAC region suggest that four main actions are needed to achieve a paradigm shift in the sector. Technische rapportage veldproeven met watermaatregelen Stegeren. /N 4 waste incineration) which cannot be applied to water. Public perceptions of direct potable reuse in four US cities. A workshop with key government officials and other local stakeholders was held in Montevideo to present the findings of the initiative, discuss their experiences and talk about resource recovery ideas to implement. From Waste to Resource in a Circular Economy Context. Wastewater is and should be considered a valuable resource from which energy and nutrients can be extracted, as well as an additional source of water. IThe Flanders Waterhub has been created to upscale water-related innovative projects as part of an ambition to create a water demonstrator space.. In general, Reuse requires levels of previous contamination/alterations to be acceptable and not to interfere with further uses [13, 54]. 0000460846 00000 n Watson, R.; Mukheibir, P.; Mitchell, C. Local recycled water in Sydney: A policy and regulatory tug-of-war. No special 0000426757 00000 n Results of the initiative were presented at this seminar organized by the state government of So Paulo, with the support of the 2030 Water Resources Group. Accordingly, we provide the definition of the CEW as an economic framework for reducing, preserving and optimising the use of water through waste avoidance, efficient utilisation and quality retention while ensuring environmental protection and conservation. Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) 3. efficiency, and waste, combining these with regula-tions on efficiency. Providing water. - 69.163.192.43. positive feedback from the reviewers. /Sh6 576 0 R >> /XObject << /Fm0 581 0 R /Fm1 584 0 R /Im0 608 0 R /Im1 Despite the growing interest in the CEW, broader research efforts remain sparse. 0000462477 00000 n It is a substance that exists in different states (liquid, solid and gaseous); it can be variably saline and contains different quantities of chemical elements. This paper is set within the context of an ongoing discussion between centralized and decentralized water reuse techniques and the investigation of trade-offs between efficiency and . 0000460672 00000 n Treatment involves actions and costs. To avoid undesirable lock-in, policy makers need to keep resource recovery in mind when planning wastewater investments. Make sure you add your latest press releases to your Company Profile in the Exhibitor Portal for free exposure. Water is a product when it is sold, but it is also embedded in products (as virtual water, e.g. 0000564969 00000 n 0000564138 00000 n Other examples of Reduce include applying biochar to improve water retention of soil [46] or using tile drainage system for water management [47]. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the CE in the water and wastewater sector. 0000458555 00000 n The report highlights the findings and conclusions from technical background reports, from in-depth analysis of several case studies, and from the feedback received during workshops and seminars with main stakeholders. You are accessing a machine-readable page. 0000503269 00000 n Rethink can help to save and conserve water and to optimise water use, in all the relevant sectors. They need to embrace and promote gradual compliance and foster reuse and resource recovery. A sample of 64 articles was found through interactive keyword selection. Population and economic growth have driven a rapid rise in demand for water resources. From Waste to Resource in a Circular Economy Context. A taxonomy of circular economy indicators. Five global motivations were identified, three of which were Economic, Technological, and Environmental, which were present in 78.1% of the publications in the study sample, demonstrating a common concern about the application of CE to wastewater reuse. for cooling and then cleaning). 0000568762 00000 n NPJ Clean Water 2(1):16, Falkenmark M (2020) Water resilience and human life support-global outlook for the next half century. Rethink can also help to create synergies by applying multiple strategies to different water uses. energy, agri-food systems, sustainable consumption/production) and an effective framework to address the challenges of global environmental change. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. In this case, savings derive from using the same water more than once. However, innovation in processes and technologies can support the continuous development of Reduce solutions [48]. d i d : 2 5 4 9 b d f 8 - 5 0 3 9 - 4 d c 7 - a 0 e 3 - b 6 e d 2 9 1 5 a e 6 6) All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. /Prev 1142728 It keeps water longer in the human-managed water system, postponing its return to the natural system, allowing other uses at different points in time. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 45:7891, van Leeuwen K, de Vries E, Koop S, Roest K (2018) The energy & raw materials factory: role and potential contribution to the circular economy of the Netherlands. To achieve this aim, multiple solutions involving different strategies can be integrated and combined. ; Via, S.H. Review of Circular Economy in urban water sector: Challenges and opportunities in India. To learn more about cookies, click here. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors only. %PDF-1.4 Reuse is therefore most applicable in the same production cycle (inner loop) or in a nearby/contiguous production process. Four European cities and a region are incorporating water and sanitation into wider circular economy initiatives, according to a new report from UNESCO. ; Ioannidis, J.P.A. 0000406858 00000 n A great deal ofapplied research has been published, but the theoretical understanding of the CEW is still developing, and the terminology is employed ambiguously. Ishii, S.K. Corporate author : International Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Management Person as author : Shin, Eunher [editor] Person as author : Choi, Seo Hyung [editor] Person as author : Makarigakis, Alexandros K. [editor] Person as author : Sohn, Okjoo [editor] Person as author : Clench, Callum [editor] Person as author : Trudeau, Mary [editor] 0000460994 00000 n 0000566081 00000 n meters in green areas) and remotely monitoring public water fountains, to prevent leaks and optimise consumption. 0000567020 00000 n /Parent 173 0 R The main report of the initiative, Water in Circular Economy and Resilience, describes the key actions needed to achieve three main outcomes: 1) deliver resilient and inclusive services; 2) design out waste and pollution; and 3) preserve and regenerate natural systems. Stockholm, Sweden: World Water Week, August 2019. /Filter /FlateDecode Examples include the use of foam or compost toilets in households and replacing water with heat transfer fluids such as synthetic hydrocarbons (dielectric fluids, for example) in industrial processes [49,50,51]. A Feature Box 777771070 MS Amsterdam, Europaplein 241078 GZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands. Optimising Water Reuse in the EU Final ReportPart I, Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerability in Europe 2012: An Indicator-Based Report; no. Security Issues is water reuse within a circular economy context. Piero Morseletto. 0000410463 00000 n https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. First, Fig. 515 0 obj Pond-In-Pond: An alternative system for . In the remaining part of this section, we analyse each strategy providing a definition and a few meaningful examples. Martnez-Fernndez, J.; Neto, S.; Hernndez-Mora, N.; del Moral, L.; La Roca, F. The role of the water framework directive in the controversial transition of water policy paradigms in Spain and Portugal. BRIEF Number 20 February 2022 THEME III Water Reuse and Water Quality Challenges/ barriers The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of reused water must match the use to which it is put. Over the years, these resource-intensive activities and global environmental change have increasingly affected water quality and availability worldwide. Furthermore, we argue that water is a unique element in the circular economy because it is a resource, a product and a service with no equivalent in the economic system and should be considered and valued as such in the CEW. 0000406443 00000 n CEW solutions could therefore be key to several transitions (e.g. Given the level of heterogeneity of research in this sector, it will be useful to bring the studies together to better understand when, what, and where articles have been published, and which results are most relevant for decision-making. So Paolo, Brazil: Water Scarcity and Water Reuse Seminar, November 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050848, Fernandes E, Cunha Marques R. Review of Water Reuse from a Circular Economy Perspective. Please contact our Sr Brand Marketing Manager Annelie Koomen. SDG targets for water include improving water quality, implementing integrated water resource management, achieving water use efficiency across sectors, reducing the number of people suffering from water scarcity, and restoring water-related ecosystems. This also includes production, consumption, waste management and secondary raw materials. /StructTreeRoot 180 0 R Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Wastewater can boost crop yields without harm if pathogens, salts, and other pollutants are removed. 0000004437 00000 n << One of the key advantages of adopting circular economy principles in the processing of wastewater is that resource recovery and reuse can transform sanitation from a costly service to one that is self-sustaining and adds value to the economy. These percentages are surprising given the regions levels of income and urbanization. 0000397448 00000 n 0000457887 00000 n 0000459490 00000 n Del Borghi, A.; Moreschi, L.; Gallo, M. Circular economy approach to reduce waterenergyfood nexus. After all, principles such as a closed loop supply chain, value retention, waste minimisation and resource efficiency lend themselves well to the water sector. This category refers to the strategies devised to use water more efficiently or intensively than before. As cities continue to grow, there is an opportunity to ensure that investments are made in the most sustainable and efficient way possible. /OpenAction 179 0 R Recycle is using water again after treatment for the same or other purposes. aquatic plants, constructed wetlands) can be highly effective in recycling water, aside from its other environmental benefits [62, 63]. 0000463595 00000 n Our analysis showed that some of the CE strategies, namely Reuse, Recycle, Rethink, Reduce and Refuse/Avoid, need to be re-calibrated for water. 2, 14631477 (2022). stream Mannina, G.; Badalucco, L.; Barbara, L.; Cosenza, A.; Di Trapani, D.; Gallo, G.; Laudicina, V.; Marino, G.; Muscarella, S.; Presti, D.; et al. Jodar-Abellan, A.; Lpez-Ortiz, M.I. Do you have an innovation, research results or an other interesting topic you would like to share with the international water technology industry? By developing consistent terminology and a clear focus on strategies relating to the CEW, this study aims to integrate past and future studies and facilitate the transition towards sustainable water management. 0000565262 00000 n Color Technol 136(4):317335, Vuppaladadiyam AK, Merayo N, Prinsen P, Luque R, Blanco A, Zhao M (2019) A review on greywater reuse: quality, risks, barriers and global scenarios. The organizing team convened panels of experts and roundtables at which counterparts shared their ideas on and discussed the challenges of promoting the paradigm shift. The purpose of the report is to share the knowledge created and the conclusions from the initiative with stakeholders and practitioners involved in wastewater planning, financing, and management (including water utilities, policy makers, basin organizations, and ministries of planning and finance) to encourage a paradigm shift in which the value proposition of wastewater in a circular economy is recognized. gold, palladium), gas (e.g. [76, 77]). UNESCO referenced the French capital Paris as "putting in place actions combined with technologies to rationalise the use of water". Given that we restricted our search to Scopus and Google Scholar, using other databases could have altered the current result. ", Yang Su Kim, director of the UNESCO International Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Management (i-WSSM), added: "Water reuse is one of the most important practices for water security and can be a solution to meet the lack of availability of water resources.". However, water resources are under increasing pressure due to industrialization [, Industries in Europe account for 57% of global water consumption, while in Asia, this figure is 10%. The lack of water in arid and semi-arid regions, along with the interest in water security in areas where the demand for water exceeds its availability, has caused water reuse to be considered as an alternative source in these areas and has prompted the authorities to change from the usual linear, take-make-use management approach to the circula. Water Reclamation and Reuse Around the World. We also identified 26 extra publications using the snowball method (see Annex for all the results). Reuse and recycling currently dominate the debate about the CEW, and the CE terminology is oftentimes employed inaccurately. All rights reserved, Terms and conditions for press accreditation, Urban water reuse regulations plod ahead in the EU, Opinion: Unlocking water resources using biomimicry, Explore all our coverage related to urban water, ESSENTIAL GUIDE: Biogas an untapped energy source, Q&A: New EU rules on surface and groundwater pollution, Update of the regulatory frameworks on wastewater and sewage, Support irrigation projects including wastewater reuse, Include water reuse actions in River Basin Management Plans. The normative, governance and implementation challenges should be urgently considered by policymakers and decision-makers at large. UNESCO worked with the Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme and the International Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Management. In parallel, many published works speak about CE and water, while others do not mention the CE although dealing with its principles. 0000417736 00000 n Future urban development requires approaches that minimize resource consumption and focus on resource recovery, following principles of the circular economy. Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE. UNESCO has published a report titled "Water Reuse within a Circular Economy Context". 0000005724 00000 n ; Murthy, S.L. Feedback from these events informed the main report and enabled the team to shape the main messages of the initiative into more practical recommendations. Reclamation, the application of technologies for the removal of pollutants from water/wastewater, is covered by the Recycle category (see below). the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, In Thompson R, Delcour I, Berckmoes E, and Stavridou E. (Eds) The Fertigation. Download Full-text. 0000543028 00000 n The set of strategies is shown in Fig. Without such aspects, decision-makers, scientists and professionals may be hindered in developing a shared understanding of problems and solutions and exploiting new opportunities in the domain of the CEW. Impact of the circular economy on quality of life: A systematic literature review. >> UNESCO said the Flanders region had created different spaces for stakeholder collaboration with a "strong technical innovation approach". Although CEW strategies can work in isolation, solutions should be devised in an interrelated way as much as possible. 0000566185 00000 n permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without A set of clear strategies represent a crucial level of analysis for the CEW. Sci Total Environ 709:136142, Delcour I, Berckmoes E, Hand R, Lechevallier H. (2018). J Clean Prod 95:3044, Wester J, Timpano KR, ek D, Broad K (2016) The psychology of recycled water: factors predicting disgust and willingness to use. A successful transition to the CEW implies the involvement of all relevant stakeholders, especially when Rethinking a system. For this research, Caro Eline Mooren and Stefania Munaretto received funding from the BTO-WiCE research programme of KWR. These articles were complemented with circular water solutions taken from 22 cases, 10 from Nextgen, a European-funded research project, and 11 from Water in the Circular Economy (WiCE), a research programme of the Dutch and Flemish water utilities and KWR, with partners from the water authorities, regional and local governments, industry and academia. For instance, water for cooling or water from operations can be reused in the same industrial processes or in industrial activities nearby [55, 56]. Products & Services: The online catalogue where you meet your manufacturers, suppliers and distributors. 0000566719 00000 n Replace is scarcely mentioned in the CE and water literature. /Pages 172 0 R ; Tetzlaff, J.; Mulrow, C.; Gtzsche, P.C. 0000460167 00000 n << d i d : 9 3 3 A 4 E D 4 4 D 2 6 6 8 1 1 8 2 2 A F 9 1 E 8 3 F B C 2 0 A) Furthermore, there is a need for further analysis of the barriers still existing in society regarding the reuse of wastewater, and finally, there is a deficit of publications from countries with water-scarcity problems, highlighting the need for studies to be conducted in these countries. Hartley, K.; van Santen, R.; Kirchherr, J. However, the words water and strategies can be used in articles not specifically discussing water or CE strategies; for this, the preliminary results needed to do be distilled through an attentive reading of the text to eliminate the items not in line with the research objectives. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, pp 116, Demartini M, Pinna C, Aliakbarian B, Tonelli F, Terzi S (2018) Soft drink supply chain sustainability: a case based approach to identify and explain best practices and key performance indicators. These steps induced utilities to adapt their management models to reflect circular economy principles. Insights for World Water Week 2019, Showcasing the River Basin Planning Process through a Concrete Example: The Rio Bogota Cleanup Project, The Role of Modeling in Decision-Making in the Basin Approach, Investing in Wastewater in Latin America Can Pay Off, Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Component of a Circular Economy, Consideraciones sectoriales para el tratamiento sustentable de aguas residuales, Wastewater: from waste to resource. Palgrave Macmillan, Book However, water resources are irregularly distributed in space and time, and they are under pressure due to human activity and economic development [34]. 0000395979 00000 n

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